Is there a Los Angeles musical style?
The Hear Now Music Festival on Sunday and Tod Machover’s opera ‘Schoenberg in Hollywood’ raise the question of whether there’s ever been an L.A. school of music. Our critic has thoughts.
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The composer and critic Virgil Thomson once defined American music as music written by Americans. There is no arguing with that. Less obvious, however, is figuring out what, if anything, describes L.A. music.
Los Angeles is the home of film music. The two most influential classical composers of the first half of the 20th century, Stravinsky and Schoenberg, lived here. (In Stravinsky’s case, the Russian composer spent more of his life in L.A. than in any other city.) The composer with the most radical influence on the second half of the 20th century, John Cage, was born and grew up here. Ferreting out L.A.’s bearing on jazz and the many, many aspects of popular music, as well as world music, is a lifetime’s effort.
Yet these seeming incongruities of musical life are what fascinate the most. Schoenberg and Stravinsky, for instance, flirted, if futilely, with writing Hollywood film scores. The money was a lure. The possibility of reaching the masses, irresistible.
Picture Schoenberg, in 1935, in the office of Hollywood’s prevailing film producer, Irving Thalberg, offering untenable requirements to score MGM’s feature film adaptation of Pearl S. Buck’s “The Good Earth.” Picture the composer, considered by many the instigator of the most daunting music of all time, asking for $50,000 (more than $1.1 million today adjusted for inflation) and full control of the movie’s sound, including having the actors recite their lines to his rhythms and suggested pitches.
Picture, again, eight decades later and 3,000 miles away, the head of the Opera of the Future project in his office at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s ultra-futuristic Media Lab, mulling over an idea for an opera based on that remarkable Thalberg incident as a way to examine the profound implications of art and entertainment had Schoenberg been given the green light.
A new production of Tod Machover’s “Schoenberg in Hollywood,” which had its premiere in Boston seven years ago, finally reaches L.A. on Sunday afternoon for the first of four performances by the UCLA Herb Alpert School of Music at the Nimoy. Those very names — Schoenberg, who taught at UCLA from 1936 to 1944, Alpert and Leonard Nimoy — couldn’t better illustrate the marvelous fantasy of L.A. musical juxtapositions.
Esa-Pekka Salonen’s two-week stint conducting the L.A. Phil in exceptional Beethoven and Boulez performances spurs more hopeful talk that he might return as music director after Gustavo Dudamel departs.
Also Sunday at First Lutheran Church of Venice, the Hear Now Music Festival concludes its 2025 season of three concerts. This festival is L.A.’s most dedicated resource for surveying local music. Over the last 14 years, it has featured more than 200 composers, from the most famous to the most obscure, from academia and from Hollywood, be they John Williams, an electronic wizard at CalArts or a kid fiddling away with a guitar in the garage.
The idea of artistic place and physical place are at the heart of Hear Now. If L.A. music is anything, it is a music that challenges the notions of borders. The festival came about because its co-founder, composer Hugh Levick — who divides his time between France, Spain and Venice Beach — said the music that his L.A. colleagues were writing was easier to hear being performed abroad than in venues here.
Composers in L.A. are far-flung. Looking at universities alone, UCLA, USC, CalArts, UC Santa Barbara, UC San Diego, Pomona College and the Cal State campuses in Northridge, Long Beach and Fullerton are all centers of musical activity that have had widespread influence.
The seeds of Minimalism, the most prominent style of late 20th century music as propagated most famously by Philip Glass and Steve Reich, can be traced to Los Angeles City College in the 1950s. That’s where La Monte Young — while studying with, and finding encouragement from, pianist Leonard Stein (who had been Schoenberg’s assistant) — began to consider what would happen if he radically slowed everything down.
I sat down with Levick recently to discover what he had learned from the festival. Having coffee at a Santa Monica cafe, we were near a cottage where Cage had lived in the early 1930s, when he found his first music job. It was as an assistant to pioneering animator Oskar Fischinger, who came into artistic conflict with Walt Disney over “Fantasia.” Cage didn’t last long, falling asleep on the job and dropping a lighted cigarette on flammable celluloid.
Gustavo Dudamel’s second-to-last L.A. Phil season may have seemed less ambitious, but he made more history closing it out with Carlos Simon’s “Good News Mass” and a remarkable appearance at Coachella.
Levick has probably encountered a greater variety of composers in this part of the world than anyone else. The way Hear Now works is that any composer can submit scores, so I asked the obvious questions. Could he detect any commonality, as one might in, say, Paris or Berlin? Is there West Coast and East Coast music as there once seemed to be? Does L.A. have its own sound or maybe laid-back sensibility?
“Not really,” Levick said. “There are people whom you could vaguely put together stylistically. They may have obvious influences, but mostly they have gone their own way. What is a little different about the West Coast and the East Coast is there is a certain fluidity and flexibility here and certain rigidity on the East Coast.”
When asked what has surprised him over the years, Levick pointed to the fact that although John Williams, John Adams, Esa-Pekka Salonen, Thomas Adès and Andrew Norman may attract audiences, curiosity also drives crowds. Of this year’s festival, which features works by 28 composers, I’ve previously encountered only four.
Even Levick was surprised by the great many submissions from composers he didn’t know. Yet that turns out to be a draw. At this year’s festival, the first two programs were sold out. I attended the first at 2220 Arts + Archives in March devoted to often arcane electro-acoustic music, and it attracted a diverse and enthusiastic audience taking pleasure in not knowing what to expect. No two works were remotely the same.
If Levick shies away from generalization, he too is a composer not easily pinned down. He started out as a fiction writer who, while living in Paris, chanced upon avant-garde jazz and took up the saxophone. That led him naturally to classical avant-garde. The concert Sunday will feature his latest work, “The Song of Prophet X,” for speaker/singer and piano quartet, a similar configuration that Schoenberg used in his antiwar “Ode to Napoleon,”
We cannot escape Schoenberg. This season has seen widespread celebration of the 150th anniversary of his birth. Last year, on April 30, Hear Now ended its festival with a large-scale concert given at the UCLA music department’s Schoenberg Hall and featuring the UCLA Philharmonia conducted by Neal Stulberg, the same forces tackling Machover’s “Schoenberg in Hollywood.”
The campus was on edge from news of a violent attack on a Palestinian protest that day just across from Schoenberg Hall. Hear Now, nevertheless, went on as scheduled. The concert was not a political statement, the music had nothing to do with protest movements. Even so, the symbolism of the occasion was impossible to ignore. Schoenberg, who had fled Nazi Germany, wrote scores of protest music such as “Ode to Napoleon” and “Survivor From Warsaw.” He also dallied with Hollywood.
Schoenberg might ultimately be seen as the great juxtaposition. Leonard Stein and John Cage were in Schoenberg’s UCLA classes. Film composers David Raksin (“Laura”) and Leonard Rosenman (“East of Eden”) studied with Schoenberg. Both Miles Davis and Ornette Coleman brought up Schoenberg when I interviewed them, and it was their world of progressive jazz that led Hugh Levick to Hear Now.
Could we then define L.A. music as simply be music of, and open to, juxtapositions?
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